1(1) In any prosecution for any offence under this Act which requires a culpable mental state on the part of the accused, the court shall presume the existence of such mental state but it shall be a defence for the accused to prove the fact that he had no such mental state with respect to the act charged as an offence in that prosecution.
Explanation.-In this sub-section, "culpable mental state" includes intention, motive or knowledge of a fact or belief in, or reason to believe, a fact.
(2) For the purposes of this section, a fact is
said to be proved only when the court believes it to exist beyond reasonable
doubt and not merely when its existence is established by a preponderance of
probability.
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1. Ins. by Act 46 of 1986, s. 29 (w.e.f. 10-9-1986).
Section 278A Punishment for second and subsequent offences
Section 278AA Punishment not to be imposed in certain cases
Section 278AB Power of Principal Commissioner or Commissioner to grant immunity from prosecution
Section 278B Offences by companies
Section 278C Offences by Hindu undivided families
Section 278D Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc., in certain cases
Section 278E Presumption as to culpable mental state
Section 279A Certain offences to be non-cognizable